06-St. Catherine of Siena

Of humble birth and little education, Catherine devoted her life to service. At age 16, St. Catherine of Siena joined the third order of St. Dominic, and for three years took care of the sick and poor. In her latter years she served outcasts. Her radiant faith made her an intercessor at the courts of Europe and of the popes on behalf of the needs of the people. At her death she left behind more than 300 letters of historical and literary value.

St. Catherine of Siena by Giovanni Battista Tiepolo

 

Introduction

St. Catherine of Siena, born as Caterina di Giacomo di Benincasa on March 25, 1347, in Siena, Italy, is one of the most prominent figures in Christian history. She is celebrated for her profound spiritual writings, mysticism, and influence in the political and religious spheres of the 14th century. She was canonized as a saint in 1461 by Pope Pius II and declared a Doctor of the Church in 1970, recognizing her significant contributions to theology and the Church.

Early Life

Catherine was the 24th of 25 children born to Jacopo di Benincasa, a cloth dyer, and Lapa Piagenti. From an early age, she exhibited a strong inclination towards spirituality, experiencing mystical visions from the age of six. By the age of seven, she had promised her virginity to Christ, and despite her family's wishes for her to marry, she remained devoted to religious life.

Religious Life and Mysticism

At the age of 16, Catherine joined the Third Order of Saint Dominic, which allowed her to live a religious life outside a convent. She devoted herself to prayer, penance, and serving the sick and poor. Catherine is known for her mystical experiences, which included visions of Christ, the Virgin Mary, and many saints. One of the most significant events in her spiritual journey was her "mystical marriage" to Christ, a vision she had in 1366.

Writings and Influence

St. Catherine's influence extended beyond her spiritual and mystical experiences. She was a prolific writer, and her most famous work, "The Dialogue of Divine Providence," is considered a spiritual masterpiece. Her letters, sent to popes, rulers, and ordinary people, advocated for church reform and peace during times of political turmoil. Her ability to influence such high-ranking officials was remarkable, especially for a woman of her time.

Political and Religious Impact

Catherine played a crucial role in the politics of the Church during the Great Western Schism. She was instrumental in convincing Pope Gregory XI to return the papacy from Avignon to Rome, a significant event in Church history. Her advocacy for peace and reform was pivotal in shaping the religious discourse of her era.

Legacy and Canonization

St. Catherine of Siena's legacy extends beyond her canonization as a saint. She is venerated as a patron saint of Italy alongside St. Francis of Assisi and is also one of the patron saints of Europe. Her feast day is celebrated on April 29th. As a Doctor of the Church, her theological contributions continue to be studied and revered.

Conclusion

St. Catherine of Siena remains an inspirational figure in the history of the Catholic Church. Her life of devotion, mystical experiences, profound writings, and influence on church and political matters have left a lasting impact that continues to inspire people around the world today.